Graphene and its Oxide easily contaminated with Endotoxin
Those wanting to use Graphene and its Derivatives in Medicine face a major hurdle - Endotoxin contamination at Picogram levels
In earlier articles I discussed the false allegations that Graphene or its Oxide had been used in Covid19 Jabs and the motivation of those spreading the disinformation.12
Then I mentioned that sensitive electronic sensors have been made to detect Endotoxin using Graphene Oxide derivatives.3
Now I have found a very interesting 2016 paper4 from researchers in Sweden, UK, Switzerland and Spain on Graphene derivatives as a result of my diving into the development of new tests for Endotoxin designed to replace the use of Rabbits and Horseshoe Crabs.5
Mukherjee and coworkers tested their samples of Graphite and Graphene derivatives using the Horseshoe LAL test and found Endotoxin contamination that could not be tolerated in their experiments and so systematically identified the sources as Laboratory Air, Distilled Water, Human Skin, Plastic and Glassware.
Their Figure 5 summarizes the Endotoxin sources and their countermeasures.
In their studies they were able to show that Few Layer Graphene (FLG) is inherently Inflammatory, even when free of Endotoxin.
They developed a TNF-α expression test (TET) using Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and showed that test for Endotoxin has a sensitivity that is comparable to the LAL assay with a detection limit of < 0.01 EU/ml.
TNF-α is one of the damaging chemicals released when Endotoxin hits our cells.67
They showed that TET is superior to the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) for Endotoxin that is favoured by Pfizer and relies on detection of Interleukin IL-6 in the cell culture supernatants.8
More about MAT later.
Sourav P. Mukherjee, Neus Lozano, Melanie Kucki, Antonio E. Del Rio-Castillo, Leon Newman, Ester VaÂzquez, Kostas Kostarelos, Peter Wick, Bengt Fadeel. 2016. Detection of Endotoxin Contamination of Graphene Based Materials Using the TNF-α Expression Test and Guidelines for Endotoxin-Free Graphene Oxide Production. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166816
I think you're a good man Geoff but the downside is it's hard to see the bad in others until very badly burnt.
They don't care about harms mate, I believe that is the aim. At best data collection at worst the potential for extinction.
It’s hard to comprehend the magnitude of evil here. We have perfected a system that creates disease and illness, then pays billions of dollars through Heath plans to pay the people who create the diseases. Sure, you can call this an economic model, buts it’s also a parasitic evil that kills its host. Fortunately, as the Supreme Court has pointed out in Citizens United, there is no morality in corporate design, that is why it’s perfect for taking over human governance, with their help and best wishes. All it needs is for the citizens to vote for this self emulation like they did in Brexit. The smart money and political action packs are with the orange con-artist. Who is your money with?