Endotoxin and Lipid A Lethality increased up to 100,000 Fold by Galactosamine
Clever scientists in Germany killed Rabbits, Rats and Mice in 1979. Links to Uridine.
I asked Grok 3 Beta to create an image of two male scientists and one female scientist working out how to kill more Rabbits, Rats and Mice with Endotoxin and its Lipid A and supplied the reference.
I asked it to refine the picture and chose this one:
When I asked Grok to add syringes it made this:
Grok seems to have problems with animal relative sizes and ears, but who am I to complain about a “free” service?
1979 German paper of interest
Published1 in a US journal by payment of a Fee - a common technique of boosting your CV, the article had to be marked:
The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Preparation of the Endotoxin (LPS) and Lipid A.
The lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equi was extracted from the parent bacteria by the phenol/water method (14). It was purified from proteins and other contaminants by extraction with phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether and converted to the uniform sodium form by electrodialysis as described (15).
Lipid A in the triethylamine form was prepared from the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella minnesota R345 (Rb) mutant as described (16).
Free polysaccharide was obtained by acid hydrolysis of S. abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. Chemical analysis revealed the complete absence of fatty acids, indicating that the polysaccharide preparation was free of lipid A.
Sugar analysis showed the presence of all sugar constituents of the O polysaccharide in the same molar ratio as present in the original lipopolysaccharide (15).
Animals used.
Rabbits (chinchillas, 1.0-1.5 kg) of both sexes, male Lewis Rats at 12 weeks of age, and male mice (strains C57BL/6, C57BL/10, DBA/2, and C3H/TifF) at 10 weeks of age were obtained from the breeding stock of our institute. Female mice (10-weeks-old) of the strain NMRI/Han were purchased from the Central Institut fur Versuchstiere, Hannover, W. Germany.
Data on Rabbit Killing with LPS, D-galactosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose), or both. Galactosamine is a specific hepatotoxic agent, its effects being confined to the liver.2
Data on Killing C57BL/6 Mice with LPS, Galactosamine or both
Data on Killing NRMI Mice with Intraperitoneal Jab with LPS, Galactosamine or both
Data on Killing C57BL/6 Mice with Lipid A
Comparison of Killing C57BL/6 Mice Intraperitoneal versus Intravenous Jab and Time Interval after Galactosamine injection and massive Lethal Dose of Endotoxin.
Uridine effect
Biography of Chris Galanos
He was born in Cyprus in 1937 and died in 2015 of metastatic cancer.
He eventually married the second author of this paper, Marina Freudenberg.
He published over 250 papers in his Endotoxin career.3
Ernst Th. Rietschel recounts many of his achievements and says:
Chris intuitively hypothesized that certain lots of d-GalN or buffer might contain very small amounts of LPS, responsible for the lethal activity observed.
Sure enough, mice injected with endotoxin-deprived d-GalN, dissolved in pyrogen-free buffer, reproducibly survived the procedure, whereas they died when nanogram-amounts of LPS were added to d-GalN solutions.
As Chris discovered, the pretreated animals were 100,000-fold more susceptible to endotoxic lethality than non-pretreated animals.
This dramatic effect formed the basis for the development of the most sensitive and most prevalent LPS-toxicity test in vivo.
The C57BL/10 ScCr strain was absolutely resistant to d-GalN-mediated sensitization to LPS toxicity.
Chris Galanos won prestigious awards including:
the Frederic Bang Award, a lifelong honorary membership of the International Endotoxin Society, visiting professorships at the University of Bari (Italy) and the University of Sao Paolo (Brazil), as well as an honorary doctorate by the Second Military Medical University of Shanghai (China).
Readers will recall that Frederic Bang was my distant cousin.4
Questions
Does individual Human response to Endotoxin and its Lipid A in Jabs depend on pre-existing Galactosamine?
D-Galactosamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655), so people with Leaky Gut might have it in measurable quantities.
It is also found in Cannabis and Soybean. Is it released from any Hormones?
I have discussed Galactosamine Endotoxin Liver Failure earlier.5
I will delve further and perhaps you can help by pointing to any references you find especially interesting.
Searching PubMed for Endotoxin Galactosamine yields 585 papers.6
Lipopolysaccharide galactosamine 748 papers.7
LPS Galactosamine yields 573 papers.8
CHRIS GALANOS, MARINA A. FREUDENBERG, AND WERNER REUTTER. November 1979. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA. Medical Sciences 76(11):5939-5943.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosamine
Ernst Th. Rietschel. Obituary Dr. Dr. h.c. Chris Galanos. 2015. Innate Immunity. 21(8):847-849. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1753425915605439
Horseshoe Crabs Bleed for Pfizer Endotoxin Test
Pfizer is desperate to hide the amount of Endotoxin in their jabs caused by their use of E coli Bacteria in production. They rely on a test called LAL (Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate) extracted from the Blue Blood of Horseshoe Crabs, seen here being bled.
Rapid Liver Failure after Pfizer jabs most likely due to miR-155 upregulation by Endotoxin
In a previous article I showed how Heart Damage caused by mRNA jabs can be explained by the catalytic effects of upregulation of the microRNA molecule known as miR-155.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Endotoxin+galactosamine&filter=simsearch2.ffrft
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lipopolysaccharide+galactosamine&filter=simsearch2.ffrft
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LPS+galactosamine&filter=simsearch2.ffrft