Lead authors in Nature papers are usually positioned because they made a major contribution to the work. Then we check for supervising authors conflicts of interest and flawed methodology.
I can't comment on the details of this article and prior research. Here is a slightly improved version of what I wrote about this article in a comment at: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/most-variation-in-all-cause-mortality/comment/67438047. This concerns the article's dismissive approach to the possibility that the spike replica proteins the body produces in response to mRNA and adenovirus vector so-called "vaccines" would also interact with fibrin and so cause excessive clotting AKA coagulopathy.
"Here we show that fibrin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, forming proinflammatory blood clots that drive systemic thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19. Fibrin, acting through its inflammatory domain, is required for oxidative stress and macrophage activation in the lungs, whereas it suppresses natural killer cells, after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fibrin promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss after infection, as well as innate immune activation in the brain and lungs independently of active infection."
The mRNA and adenovirus vector gene-therapy injections falsely marketed as "vaccines" cause a massive cellular production of proteins closely modeled on SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The amount of such spike proteins produced is surely massive compared to most or perhaps all infections, since the mRNA or adenoviruses program cells all over the body to produce these proteins, many of which would go into circulation, with the remainder bound to the outside of their cell membrane until the immune system destroys these cell. The immune system can't do anything else to stop the production of these spike proteins.
There's every reason to believe that these gene-therapy-produced spike proteins, free-moving and bound to cells' plasma membranes, would have the same interactions with fibrin, so causing excessive coagulation and so clots. However, the authors deny this:
"In general, COVID-19 RNA vaccines lead to small amounts of spike protein accumulating locally and within draining lymph nodes where the immune response is initiated and the protein is eliminated[37]. Consistent with the safety of the spike mRNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines prevent post-COVID-19 thromboembolic complications[38] and a cohort study in 99 million COVID-vaccinated individuals showed no safety signals for haematological conditions[39]."
Their ref [38] https://heart.bmj.com/content/110/9/635.long only looks at those who contracted COVID-19, not those who suffered coagulation and perhaps died because of this following the gene therapy injections.
Their ref [39] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24001270 looked for adverse events only up to 42 days after the Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca injections: "This multi-country analysis confirmed pre-established safety signals [increased rates of these pathologies in people who accepted the injections] for myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis." So the article's statement that this "cohort study in 99 million COVID-vaccinated individuals showed no safety signals for haematological conditions" is obviously incorrect.
Please see the research cited and discussed at: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/00-evi/. The immune system needs at least 50 ng/mL 125 nmol/L circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to function properly. This is twice or more what most people have, at least in winter, if they are not supplementing vitamin D3 properly and have not recently had a lot of UV-B exposure of ideally white skin.
Self-destructive, indiscriminate cell-destroying, inflammatory responses, even with healthy 25-hydroxyvitamin D, drive sepsis, severe COVID-19, Kawasaki disease, MIS-C etc. and surely disrupt neurogenesis, and so neurodevelopment. This is due to our ancestors evolving excessively strong inflammatory responses, which are directed at multicellular parasites, such as helminths (intestinal worms), due to ubiquitous helminth infections, with those helminths emitting one or more compounds which down-regulate these responses which target them. Now that we - and our companion and agricultural animals - are dewormed, we have generally excessive inflammatory responses, with a great deal of individual variation due to genetic differences and exposure to triggering compounds and pathogens.
Both helminthic therapy (introducing a relatively benign helminth infestation) and medically supervised extra-high 25-hydroxyvitamin D protocols (Coimbra) can be used to suppress a wide range of inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, cluster headaches and migraine: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/06-adv/.
I can't comment on the details of this article and prior research. Here is a slightly improved version of what I wrote about this article in a comment at: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/most-variation-in-all-cause-mortality/comment/67438047. This concerns the article's dismissive approach to the possibility that the spike replica proteins the body produces in response to mRNA and adenovirus vector so-called "vaccines" would also interact with fibrin and so cause excessive clotting AKA coagulopathy.
An article which I haven't seen discussed much is Ryu et al. 2024-08-28 "Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19" https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07873-4.
"Here we show that fibrin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, forming proinflammatory blood clots that drive systemic thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19. Fibrin, acting through its inflammatory domain, is required for oxidative stress and macrophage activation in the lungs, whereas it suppresses natural killer cells, after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fibrin promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss after infection, as well as innate immune activation in the brain and lungs independently of active infection."
The mRNA and adenovirus vector gene-therapy injections falsely marketed as "vaccines" cause a massive cellular production of proteins closely modeled on SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The amount of such spike proteins produced is surely massive compared to most or perhaps all infections, since the mRNA or adenoviruses program cells all over the body to produce these proteins, many of which would go into circulation, with the remainder bound to the outside of their cell membrane until the immune system destroys these cell. The immune system can't do anything else to stop the production of these spike proteins.
There's every reason to believe that these gene-therapy-produced spike proteins, free-moving and bound to cells' plasma membranes, would have the same interactions with fibrin, so causing excessive coagulation and so clots. However, the authors deny this:
"In general, COVID-19 RNA vaccines lead to small amounts of spike protein accumulating locally and within draining lymph nodes where the immune response is initiated and the protein is eliminated[37]. Consistent with the safety of the spike mRNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines prevent post-COVID-19 thromboembolic complications[38] and a cohort study in 99 million COVID-vaccinated individuals showed no safety signals for haematological conditions[39]."
I don't believe this at all.
Their ref [37] is https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(20)30292-8, from March 2020, and so does not tell us anything about mRNA "vaccines" in general, or those for COVID-19.
Their ref [38] https://heart.bmj.com/content/110/9/635.long only looks at those who contracted COVID-19, not those who suffered coagulation and perhaps died because of this following the gene therapy injections.
Their ref [39] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X24001270 looked for adverse events only up to 42 days after the Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca injections: "This multi-country analysis confirmed pre-established safety signals [increased rates of these pathologies in people who accepted the injections] for myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis." So the article's statement that this "cohort study in 99 million COVID-vaccinated individuals showed no safety signals for haematological conditions" is obviously incorrect.
Please see the research cited and discussed at: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/00-evi/. The immune system needs at least 50 ng/mL 125 nmol/L circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to function properly. This is twice or more what most people have, at least in winter, if they are not supplementing vitamin D3 properly and have not recently had a lot of UV-B exposure of ideally white skin.
Self-destructive, indiscriminate cell-destroying, inflammatory responses, even with healthy 25-hydroxyvitamin D, drive sepsis, severe COVID-19, Kawasaki disease, MIS-C etc. and surely disrupt neurogenesis, and so neurodevelopment. This is due to our ancestors evolving excessively strong inflammatory responses, which are directed at multicellular parasites, such as helminths (intestinal worms), due to ubiquitous helminth infections, with those helminths emitting one or more compounds which down-regulate these responses which target them. Now that we - and our companion and agricultural animals - are dewormed, we have generally excessive inflammatory responses, with a great deal of individual variation due to genetic differences and exposure to triggering compounds and pathogens.
Both helminthic therapy (introducing a relatively benign helminth infestation) and medically supervised extra-high 25-hydroxyvitamin D protocols (Coimbra) can be used to suppress a wide range of inflammatory autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, cluster headaches and migraine: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/06-adv/.
excellent summation Robin. Notice it took 16 months from submission to publication.